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Caring for Geriatric Patients: What Are the Special Considerations for Their Oral Health?

As we age, our oral health faces unique challenges. Geriatric patients, in particular, have specific needs that require tailored care. What are these needs, and how do we at PBD cater to them?

How Do Long Medical Histories Affect Geriatric Dental Care?

Elderly patients often have long medical histories that can complicate treatment. Conditions like diabetes and hypertension increase the risk of gum disease, while medications such as anticoagulants require special care. At PBD, we are ensure that we are familiar with a patient’s medical history to ensure safe and effective treatment, often involving a consultation with the patients physician.

What Impact Does Limited Oral Hygiene Have on Elderly Patients?

Many elderly patients struggle with daily oral hygiene due to limited dexterity or cognitive decline. This can lead to plaque buildup and increased risk of dental disease. Tools like electric toothbrushes or larger-grip handles can help, and caregivers should be educated on maintaining proper hygiene.

Why Are Root Caries More Common in Older Adults?

Root caries are more common in older adults due to gum recession that exposes the softer root surface. Fluoride treatments help prevent decay, but regular check-ups, or even protective resins (fillings) are key to catching these issues early and avoiding tooth loss.

How Can We Address Missing Teeth in Geriatric Patients?

Tooth loss affects both the function and aesthetics of an elderly patient’s smile. Dentures, bridges, and implants are common solutions, but for patients with limited dexterity or financial concerns, partial dentures may be a more practical option. The perfect solution is really what works best for that patient’s unique situation.

What Are the Causes and Solutions for Dry Mouth in Older Adults?

Dry mouth, common among the elderly, can result from one of more of the hundreds of medications that reduce saliva production. This unpleasant condition can lead to tooth decay and discomfort. Saliva substitutes, regular hydration, and specialized mouthwashes or prescription medications to increase saliva flow can help manage dry mouth. A consultation with your physician may reveal that medication adjustments can be made to alleviate symptoms.

How Can We Balance Ideal and Practical Solutions for Geriatric Patients?

Sometimes, ideal solutions aren’t feasible for elderly patients due to physical, financial, or health limitations. For example, silver diamine fluoride (SDF) can arrest caries (decay) and prevent further decay although it is unable to repair the damage. As such, SDF can offer a practical solution that maintains comfort and minimizes complications (Chibinski et al., 2020).

Why Is It Important to Address Geriatric Oral Health Early and Regularly?

Preventive care is vital for elderly patients. Regular dental visits help catch issues early, manage chronic conditions, and ensure the patient can maintain proper function, such as chewing and speaking. Routine visits also provide opportunities to educate caregivers on oral health. The frequency of professional cleanings may be increased to help address the increased susceptibility to both gum disease and decay in this vunlerable population.

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Conclusion

By addressing the unique challenges geriatric patients face—such as medical histories, limited hygiene capabilities, and root caries—we can help them maintain healthy, functional smiles. Preventive care, regular visits, and communication with other healthcare providers are crucial to improving their quality of life. If you or someone you know would benefit from our expertise in geriatric dental care, please reach out and make an appointment. We’re here to help.

The PBD team.

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References:

• Chibinski, A. C., et al. (2020). Silver Diamine Fluoride in the Management of Dental Caries in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Journal of the American Dental Association.
• López, N. J., et al. (2005). Root Caries in Older Adults: The Role of Gingival Recession. Journal of the American Dental Association.
• Preshaw, P. M., et al. (2012). Diabetes and Oral Health: An Overview. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism.
• Sgan-Cohen, H. D., et al. (2009). Factors Affecting Oral Health in the Elderly: A Literature Review. Journal of Public Health Dentistry.
• Ship, J. A. (2003). Dry Mouth: A Critical Issue for the Elderly. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society