Canker sores, or aphthous ulcers, are small, painful lesions that develop inside the mouth. Though they aren’t contagious, they can make eating, drinking, and talking uncomfortable.

What Causes Canker Sores?

The exact cause isn’t clear, but several factors contribute:

• Injury: Biting your cheek or brushing too hard can trigger them.
• Food Sensitivities: Acidic or spicy foods like citrus, tomatoes, and coffee can irritate the mouth.
• Nutritional Deficiencies: Low levels of vitamin B12, iron, folate, and zinc may lead to sores.
• Hormonal Changes: Many women notice an increase in sores during their menstrual cycle.
• Stress and Immunity: Emotional stress and a weakened immune system can increase susceptibility.
• Genetics: Canker sores can run in families.

Types of Canker Sores

Canker sores can range from minor (3-10 mm) which heal in 1-2 weeks to major which take up to 6 weeks to heal. Sores can also be Herpetiform, which are clusters of tiny sores, often mistaken for cold sores but not caused by herpes.

Treatment and Prevention

• Topical Gels: Over-the-counter gels like benzocaine help numb the pain, at least for a while.
• Avoid Triggers: Steer clear of foods or products that irritate your mouth, typically salty, spicy or acidic foods.
• Nutritional Supplements: Boosting vitamin B12, folate, zinc, and iron can reduce outbreaks.
• Manage Stress: Stress-relief practices can help prevent sores.
• Medical Treatment: Severe cases may need prescription mouth rinses or oral medications.

When to get help?

If canker sores last longer than two weeks, recur frequently, or are unusually large, it’s time to give us a call. Persistent sores could signal an underlying health condition like Crohn’s disease or a simple vitamin deficiency.

Conclusion: Canker sores / ulcers are painful but manageable. By identifying triggers, maintaining good oral health, and addressing underlying conditions, you can reduce their frequency and severity. If you’re dealing with recurrent or severe sores, give us a call.

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Dr. Doodes, and the PBD team.

References:

1. Porter, S.R., & Scully, C. (2000). Aphthous ulcers (canker sores): a practical treatment approach. Journal of the American Dental Association, 131(1), 89-98.
2. Field, E. A., & Allan, R. B. (2003). Oral ulceration—aetiopathogenesis and management. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 18(10), 949-962.