What Are Cavities?

Cavities—also known as dental caries—are one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide, affecting people of all ages. Yet, despite their prevalence, many misconceptions persist about what cavities are, how they form, and how they can be prevented. Let’s look into the science behind cavities and what you need to know to keep your smile healthy.

What Actually Causes Cavities?

Cavities are the result of tooth decay, a process driven by bacteria in the mouth; yes, this means cavities can be contagious. The primary culprits are Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species. These bacteria metabolize sugars and starches from the foods and drinks we consume, producing acids as a byproduct. Over time, these acids erode the enamel—the hard, protective outer layer of the teeth—and when the weakened tooth structure finally collapses, it create holes or “cavities.” Cavities is actually from the same word as cave (Latin ‘cavus’, meaning hollow). This process is well-documented in dental research (Fejerskov et al., 2015).

Does Everyone Get Cavities?

1. Diet: Frequent consumption of sugary, starchy and acidic foods fuels the bacteria that cause cavities. Sticky foods, in particular, linger on teeth longer, providing an extended feast for bacteria.
2. Oral Hygiene: Poor brushing and flossing habits allow plaque—a sticky biofilm of bacteria—to accumulate on teeth and gums.
3. Saliva: Saliva acts as a natural defense, neutralizing acids and washing away food particles. Reduced saliva flow (xerostomia) increases the risk of cavities.
4. Fluoride Exposure: Fluoride strengthens enamel and makes it more resistant to acid attacks. Insufficient fluoride exposure, whether through toothpaste or drinking water, can heighten cavity risk.

How To Prevent Cavities?

The good news is that cavities are largely preventable. Here’s how:

• Brush and Floss: Brush your teeth twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and floss once daily to remove plaque and food particles.
• Limit Sugary Snacks: Reduce your intake of sugary and acidic foods, and opt for tooth-friendly snacks like cheese, nuts, and fresh vegetables.
• Stay Hydrated: Drinking water, especially after eating, helps rinse away food debris and stimulates saliva production. Fluoridated water offers additional protection.
• Visit Your Us Regularly: Professional cleanings and check-ups can catch early signs of decay and remove tartar (hardened plaque) that brushing can’t.

What Should Be Done?

If a cavity does form, prompt treatment is essential to prevent further damage. Treatments range from fillings, which restore small amounts of tooth structure, to more advanced options like crowns or root canals for extensive decay. In recent years, research into minimally invasive treatments and bioactive materials has offered promising advancements in cavity management (Pitts et al., 2019).

Conclusions:

Cavities are a common and preventable condition. By understanding their bacterial origins and taking proactive steps, you can significantly reduce your risk and maintain a healthy smile. For personalized advice and care, schedule a visit with us today.

References

• Fejerskov, O., Nyvad, B., & Kidd, E. (2015). Dental Caries: The Disease and Its Clinical Management. Wiley-Blackwell.
• Pitts, N. B., Zero, D. T., Marsh, P. D., et al. (2019). Dental caries. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 5(1), 1-16.